Introduction of circulation & authorship of the Photo-image:
- Authorship refers to the person who has ownership of an image.
- Circulation (in modern times) can be sharing images on social media, e.g. Facebook, Instagram, and Flickr.
For example: instagram
- Allows users to easily circulate their own pictures.
- Accounts which aren’t private can be seen by users across the world.
- Use of filters allows all users to use someone else’s artistic vision.
- Instagram users still have ownership over their photos.
Analog to digital: the Indexical Function of Photographic Images
- “Light bounces off an object and is recorded in the silver salts of the film’s emulsion”
- Barthes: “photographic referent” is the object that is in front of the lens, needed to record its image
Digital Photography
- Translated into code, so lacks a physical connection between the subject and the image
- Doubting “the reliability of photography’s connection to the real”
- “Certainly subjects have been told to smile, photographs have been staged, and other such manipulations…but now the viewer must question the photograph at the basic level.”
Richard Hamilton
- Born in 1922 in London, died in 2011
- Inspired by Eduardo Paolozzi and Marcel Duchamp
- Pop Art
- Popularized and recreated Duchamp’s work
Michael Wolf
- German Artist & photographer
- Become a photojournalist working in Hong Kong in 1994
- In 2003 he decided to only work on fine-art photography projects
Julian Stallabrass
- Art historian, photographer and curator from London, UK
- Professor at Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London
- Photographs people, places and sculptures usually in vernacular style
- Uses photography as a social commentary to enforce his own ideologies
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